Passions and hopes of Muslims across centuries
Muhamed Died' peace be upon him 'on June 7, 632 a.m; 11 of the Immigration
and following His death, there was a noble succession of rulers until 661 P.40 AH then it was the first thing that struck Islam that noble rulers turned to be kings
First century in Islam of 40-101 AH - The conversion from noble leaders to be kings
"Those who if We establish them in land, establish regular prayers and regular charity, and enjoin kindness and forbid evil, and to God return the end of things, "Hajj 41
At the end of era of last caliphate , turmoil and strife attacked
In this disturbance a man from 'Khawarijs' attacked Imam 'Ali ' may Allah be pleased with him near Kufa and stabbed him in the head with a poisoned sword
After that all Muslims swore allegiance to 'Muawiyah' when 'Al-Hassan' son of 'Ali' abducted the leadership to 'Muawiyah' in order to prevent bloodshed
An incidence Muhamed 'peace be upon him' talked about it
" God puts two great groups in order by 'Al-Hassan'"
The noble succession then turned to monarchy
.. In the era of Muawiyah , prosperity returned to the country, and the conflict between the tribes stopped
and the spread of Islam was from the Oxus River to the Nile.
'Muawiyah' called over his son and crown him prince (he did not know that his son was immoral) ..
As 'Muawiyah' died , the war began when Muslims in Kufa, sent to 'Hussein' son of 'Ali' promising to support his choice to rule if he came to them ..
'Hussein' went out of Mecca,
Hussein was with his family and seventy of the faithful followers and when that convoy became 25 miles north of Kufa, they were offset by the power 'yazeed son of Muawiyah' soldiers led by al-Obeid, who carried head of Hussain to Kufa ..
And when one of 'Yazeed' followers' Abdullah' was putting a stick in the mouth of 'Hussain ' head someone said: "Raise your stick Aftal God, I saw the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him put his mouth over his mouth kissing'
There was a also revolution by Abdullah son of al-Zubayr, but the Syrians soldiers of 'Yazeed' defeated him and encircled him in Mecca and fell stones in the courtyard of Kaaba and Kaaba burned ..
'Yazeed' died and for two years after his death , there was chaos and three of succession of the caliphs came after them,
'Abdul Malik' son of' Marwan', then came to end this disorder ..
And his man 'Al-Hajjaj' subjected the people of Kufa and returned the siege of Mecca,
But 'Abdullah son of al-Zubayr defended it while he was in the seventy-second
His mother 'Asma daughter of Abu-Bakr was encouraging him but he was killed.
After King Abdul-Malik , his son took over, and Muslims got Spain and the spread of Islam was from the area of northern India, Afghanistan and Iran to North Africa and Cyprus.
'Hajjaj' drained swamps and did land reforms, built channels, and improved writing Arabic.
'Waleed son of Abdul-Malik' established first hospital for infectious diseases and was succeeded by his brother Suleiman, who recommended that his cousin becomes ruler after him
The man who remade the first century: the fifth noblr Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz, who was 37 year old (717-720 AD)